list of civil war soldiers from south carolina

Regiment name Company Rank (in and out) Alternate names Film number (NARA microfilm series and roll number) where soldier's information is found If African American, whether included in the African American Civil War Memorial If included in the African American Civil War Memorial, the name displayed there and the soldier's plaque number Black soldiers were initially paid just $10 per monthminus the $3 clothing allowance that white troops received. The bombardment of the beleaguered U.S. garrison at Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor on April 12, 1861 is generally recognized as the first military engagement of the war. When the Treasury Note Bureau was established in 1864 in Columbia, it took over the entire operation from engraving to distribution, employing young women to sign and cut sheets of currency and bonds. Cauthen, Charles E. South Carolina Goes to War, 18601865. A committee of the convention also drafted a Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina which was adopted on December 24. About 2 million of these soldiers fought for the Union and 750,000 fought for the Confederates. Soldiers fought in the Civil War for a variety of reasons. According to Abraham Lincoln in a previously unpublished speech about the Civil War draft, these reasons were complex and greatly depended on the individual: Among these motives would be patriotism, political bias, ambition, personal courage, loved of adventure, want of employment, and convenience, or the opposite of some of these.. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1950. This index contains the names and unit of service of 132,000 men who served in the Civil War from South Carolina. Columbia, as the state capital and the geographic center of the state, had its population swelled by a tremendous influx of refugees. The Charleston Mercury announces South Carolinas vote to secede. The result was a model of what Reconstruction could have been. [1] The term civilis here had the very specific meaning of 'Roman citizen'. Nearly one quarter of the Unions soldiers were immigrants, including 200,000 Germans; 150,000 Irish; 45,000 English; 15,000 Canadians, and lesser numbers of French, Norwegians, Italians, Mexicans, and Poles. One affecting South Carolina was the removal of all U.S. military forces from the former Confederate states. Volume 3 Infantry Volume 4 Cavalry and Artillery Volume 5 Miscellaneous and State Troops These rolls were compiled over a 35 year period following the Civil War by the state adjutant general and confederate historian in an effort to record the participation of South Carolina troops in the war. This record gives in as compact form as practicable the following : name; serial number; residence; branch of service; date and place of entry into service; place of birth and age; organizations served in, with dates of assignments and transfers; grades with dates of appointment; engagements, if any; wound received in action, with degree and date; if killed in action or died while in service; person notified, relationship and address; oversea service; date of discharge; citations. It soon became obvious that the Federals would focus most of their attention on Charleston, which they described as that vipers nest and breeding place of rebellion. As a result troops were concentrated in and around Charleston and to a lesser extent along the strategically vital Charleston and Savannah Railroad. The data was compiled from research conducted between 1997 and 2003 by Jerry Rosholt, a journalist and later producer for NBC Nightly News. Southerners who had not farmed included carpenters, mechanics, merchants, machinists, lawyers, teachers, blacksmiths, and dentists. The pay was poor, the food was meager and unappetizing, the soldiers uniforms were hot and uncomfortable and living conditions were unsanitary and rife with disease. Newspaper editors such as Robert Barnwell Rhett, Jr., of the Charleston Mercury heaped scorn on Davis and his administration at every turn. Reprint, Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1999. The Confederates were at a disadvantage in men, weaponry, and supplies. In modern geopolitics since 1945, "civil war" is also used in a loose sense to refer to any large scale military conflict within a single country (i.e. "[29] Deprived of the free labor of the formerly enslaved, poverty would mark the state for generations to come. Some features of this site may not work without it. However, the South Carolinian version omitted the phrases that "all men are created equal", "that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights", and mentions of the "consent of the governed". [18] South Carolina after secession was frequently called the "Palmetto Republic".[19]. Please try again. Southern Homefront, 18611865. About 2.75 million soldiers fought in the Civil War2 million for the North and 750,000 for the South. More importantly, South Carolina's claim of independence would look empty if U.S. forces controlled its largest harbor. See List of ongoing armed conflicts and lists of active separatist movements for lists with a wider scope. [11][12] James Buchanan, the United States president, declared the ordinance illegal but did not act to stop it. Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who Served in Organizations from the State of Massachusetts (at Fold3) (fee-based) Includes scanned copies of the service records that can be obtained online for a fee. Thirty-four hours later, Anderson's men raised the white flag and were allowed to leave the fort with colors flying and drums beating, saluting the U.S. flag with a 50-gun salute before taking it down. Since the 17th century, the term has also been applied retroactively to other historical conflicts where at least one side claims to represent the country's civil society (rather than a feudal dynasty or an imperial power).[2]. The full service records are housed at the National Archives and Records Administration. In no sense could it have been said that the slaves in South Carolina were governed by powers derived from their consent. Some South Carolinians saved or hoarded what they could, while others took advantage of the times to speculate and charge exorbitant prices for poor quality goods. Many plantation owners had already gone off with the Confederate Army; those still at home and their families fled. During this period the Federals carried out two major bombardments from batteries on Morris Island against Fort Sumter and began firing shells into Charleston, which accomplished little other than the destruction of property and the intimidation of civilians. Conscription, in which all men between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five (later forty-five) were drafted for Confederate service, was unpopular at best and unmanageable at worst. This page was last edited on 5 April 2023, at 05:05. (Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs (Library of Congress)). The Siege of Charleston, 18611865. As she neared Fort Sumter cannon fire from Fort Moultrie forced her to withdraw. Andrew G. Magrath succeeded Bonham as governor in December 1864, serving only a few months before the wars end. Tennessean Sam Watkins described one winter diversion: Brigades and divisions were soon involved, and such a scene was never before seen on earth. Sometimes, a few of the fellows would gather in prayer, while the rest of us fought the guns, wrote Confederate soldier William M. Dame. For more information contact, South Carolina State Library, 1500 Senate Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29201. Union ships sailed south and blocked off one port after another. Insurgency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile, Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_civil_wars&oldid=1163174394, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from September 2013, All articles needing additional references, Articles that may contain original research from September 2014, All articles that may contain original research, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018, Articles with disputed statements from March 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 3 July 2023, at 10:37. Only ongoing conflicts which meet the definition of a civil war are listed. Johnny Reb and Billy Yank loved to singon the march, in camp, and sometimes even in battle. It declared martial law in portions of the lowcountry, established quotas for the enlistment of additional troops into Confederate service, required slaveowners to loan their slaves out for long or short-term tasks considered critical to the war effort, and took food and other supplies to distribute among units defending the state. Other seceding states echoed South Carolina. Whether bitter amid defeat, devastation, and memories of the past or optimistic amid victory, freedom, and expectations for the future, South Carolinians would struggle with the resultsand the legacyof the war for generations to come. Rose, Willie Lee. [25], The Second Battle of Fort Wagner, a week later, is better known. Many units were first sent to defend Charleston or other points in the lowcountry and remained there for most of the war. 9 November 1860. This indicates that the majority of the soldiers were lower to middle class blue-collar workers. In the capital city, Shermans soldiers ransacked both the existing State House and the new unfinished one, and many of them roamed the streets drinking, frightening citizens, and looting at will. Soldiers also had to cope with long stretches of boredom in camp as well as moments of sheer terror and horror on the battlefield. Sumter was the key position for preventing a naval attack upon Charleston, so secessionists were determined not to allow U.S. forces to remain there indefinitely. Some recent estimates claim the totals were actually higher. Officials of the U.S. Department of the Treasury soon began a project known as the Port Royal Experiment, by which civil and military authorities took charge of abandoned Sea Island cotton plantations and offered wages for freedmen and freedwomen to work the fields. About 20 Jewish soldiers won a Medal of Honor during the Civil War. Most soldiers were between the ages of 18 and 39 with an average age just under 26. Records Origin Soldiers Sailors Regiments Cemetery Medals of Honor Prisoners Soldier Records Origin MOMUMENTAL RECORDING PROCESS (1861-2000) During the American Civil War, every few weeks to every few months depending on the unit, usually at the company level, soldiers' names were recorded on muster rolls. A further concern was Lincoln's recent election to the presidency, whom they claimed desired to see slavery on "the course of ultimate extinction": A geographical line has been drawn across the Union, and all the States north of that line have united in the election of a man to the high office of President of the United States whose opinions and purposes are hostile to slavery. In 1907 The Daughters of the Confederacy prepared . The following is a list of civil wars, fought between organized groups within the same state or country.The terms "intrastate war", "internecine war" and "domestic war" are often used interchangeably with "civil war", but "internecine war" can be used in a wider meaning, referring to any conflict within a single state, regardless of the participation of civil forces. Men on both sides were inspired to fight by patriotism, state pride, the chance for adventure, steady pay. The bombardment of the beleaguered U.S. garrison at Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor on April 12, 1861 is generally recognized as the first military engagement of the war. The Civil War was the first war in American history in which a substantial proportion of the adult male population participated. The regiment reached its full complement of 1,000 men and was mustered in during Read MoreThe First South Carolina Volunteer Infantry Regiment (1862-1866) According to historian Bell I. Wiley, who pioneered the study of the Civil War common soldier, the average Yank or Reb was a white, native-born, farmer, protestant, single, between 18 and 29. He stood about 5 feet 8 inches tall and weighed about 143 pounds. When Anderson refused, Beauregard ordered the batteries surrounding the harbor to open fire. Then on February 1 the soldiers at Pocotaligo moved inland while Shermans left wing crossed the Savannah River and marched through Robertsville and Lawtonville. Brennan, Patrick. Students from The Citadel were among those firing the first shots of the war, though Edmund Ruffin is usually credited with firing the first shot. Download the official NPS app before your next visit. The South lost over 260,000 men, 95,000+ in battle and 165,000+ to other causes, primarily disease. Facebook @CivilWarTimes Twitter @CivilWarTimes, History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. Some eight thousand Federals attempting to cross there were delayed briefly by nine hundred Confederates, who were quickly outflanked and forced to withdraw, clearing the way for Shermans advance through the state. The first shells fell early on the morning of April 12, 1861, and though the outmanned and outgunned Federals responded, the outcome was never in doubt. Rosen, Robert N. Confederate Charleston: An Illustrated History of the City and the People during the Civil War. raising the flag (the same flag) again at Fort Sumter, Election of Abraham Lincoln as U.S. President, Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina, The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, in the Civil War, the U.S. flag was once again raised over Fort Sumter, List of South Carolina Confederate Civil War units, List of South Carolina Union Civil War units, Black History Month: New Details Uncovered Regarding the Formerly Enslaved Black Men Who Enlisted with the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, "Correspondence to T. T. Cropper and J. R. Crenshaw", "Why Non-Slaveholding Southerners Fought", "Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union", "Address of the people of South Carolina to the people of the Slaveholding States of the United States", "THE PHILOSOPHY OF SECESSION: A SOUTHERN VIEW", "The Glory of God, the Defence of the South", North & South - The Official Magazine of the Civil War Society, Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union, National Park Service map of Civil War sites in South Carolina, List of C.S. South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union in December 1860, and was one of the founding member states of the Confederacy in February 1861. Some famous Civil War guerrillas include Jesse James and William Quantrill. Additionally, all records in this database have been transcribed from the National Archives' original documents; alternate names and/or misspellings are recorded as initially documented. At 4:30a.m. on April 12, after two days of intense negotiations, and with Union ships approaching the harbor, the firing began. Rehearsal for Reconstruction: The Port Royal Experiment. A third and final major bombardment of Fort Sumter occurred the next summer, and a Federal movement from Port Royal against the railroad junction at Gopher Hill (Ridgeland) in conjunction with Shermans march from Atlanta in late November 1864 resulted in an inconclusive engagement at Honey Hill. Their agitation made South Carolina foremost in a movement that advocated secession from the Union and the creation of a separate southern nation. Estimates of the total number of confederate soldiers is difficult, and range between 750,000 to 1 million soldiers fought during the Civil War. Officers were: Captain J. W. Gary - commander; Dr. R. C. Carlisle - Lieutenant commander; and J. F. J. Caldwell - 2nd Lieutenant commander. The men in blue favored Battle Cry of Freedom, Red White and Blue, The Star Spangled Banner, and others. Rogers Jr. George C. and C. James Taylor. 2015-2020 University of South Carolina aws. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration Approximately 179,000 black soldiers wore the blue; 37,000 lost their lives. Burton, E. Milby. Subscribe to receive our weekly newsletter with top stories from master historians. His example and persuasion helped convince President Abraham Lincoln to accept African-American soldiers into the Union Army. Using 1,000 Union prisoners of war, Confederate Major Frederick Warley supervised the construction. Reprint, Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2000. They are atheists, socialists, communists, red republicans, Jacobins on the one side, and friends of order and regulated freedom on the other. South Carolina units played significant roles defending the lowcountry for two and a half years after Secessionville, most notably near Charleston, where they repulsed an attack by a Union ironclad squadron in April 7, 1863. The First Battle of Fort Wagner, occurred on July 11, 1863. Microfilm publication M836, 7 rolls. The battle stopped the Union advance and buoyed Confederate morale after the losses of Nashville and New Orleans earlier that year. ", West, Stephen A. Sources:Civil War Trust: Who Fought? [21] On February 8, 1861, South Carolina officially joined the Confederacy. This was the Union attack on July 18, 1863, led by the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, one of the first major American military units made up of black soldiers. Among the leading generals from the Palmetto State were Wade Hampton III, one of the Confederacy's foremost cavalry commanders, Maxcy Gregg, killed in action at Fredericksburg, Joseph B. Kershaw, whose South Carolina infantry brigade saw some of the hardest fighting of the Army of Northern Virginia and James Longstreet, the senior lieutenant general in the army, and Stephen D. Lee, the youngest lieutenant general. Over the next few weeks Federal troops occupied Beaufort, Port Royal, Hilton Head, and the neighboring Sea Islands. [27], The city under siege took control of Fort Sumter, became the center for blockade running. We ask you to join us, in forming a Confederacy of Slaveholding States. Power, J. Tracy. Most of the men were Christian, though 7,000 Jews fought for the Union and 3,000 for the South. Her reputation ensured that Union troops would hasten, and northern civilians celebrate, her downfall. Political leaders such as Democrats John Calhoun and Preston Brooks had inflamed regional and national passions in support of the institution, and many pro-slavery voices had cried for secession. Soldiers played checkers, chess, and baseball, whittled and carved, and if they were feeling particularly creative, would even put on plays. It is estimated that around 200,000 Union soldiers and over 100,000 Confederate soldiers deserted during the war. In March 1865, the Confederate congress authorized the army to recruit 300,000 black troops. By wars end, African-American soldiers made up roughly 10 percent of the Union army. Fewer than 3% of soldiers on both sides worked as business professionals before the Civil War. South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union in December 1860, and was one of the founding member states of the Confederacy in February 1861. In the Confederate army, 75 percent of the men served in the infantry, 20 percent in the cavalry, and 5 percent in artillery. When they were finally allowed to join, it is estimated that about 10 percent of all Civil War soldiers were African-American. Soldiers on each side initially earned $11 per month. Most white South Carolinians had long believed that their economic prosperity, political interests, and social stability were inextricably tied to the concept of states rights, the institution of slavery, and the plantation system as it had evolved since the colonial era. Exact figures for the South are sketchy, but tens of thousands of Irish, Germans, British, French, Canadians, Dutch, and Austrians entered Confederate ranks. After enduring almost 60 days of heavy shelling, the Confederates abandoned it on the night of September 67, 1863. withdrawing all operable cannons and the garrison. The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet. "Resolution to Call the Election of Abraham Lincoln as U.S. President a Hostile Act and to Communicate to Other Southern States South Carolina's Desire to Secede from the Union." Request Copies of Records You can order online or use NATF Form 86 for military service records and NATF Form 85 for pension records. This South Carolina State Document was either saved from a document available publicly online in PDF format or converted to PDF using Adobe Acrobat DC. On June 16, 1862, General Henry Benham ordered an ill-advised assault against a well-placed earthwork at Secessionville and was repulsed with heavy losses. National Archives in Washington, D.C. The white population of the state had strongly supported the institution of slavery since the 18th century. The majority of soldiers who fought in the war were not professional soldiers or draftees and were instead volunteers. Columbia: South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism, 1992. In spite of the warnings of officers, bouts of drinking and especially gambling broke out. When the ordinance was adopted on December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first slave state in the south to declare that it had seceded from the United States. As early as November, Union troops occupied the Sea Islands in the Beaufort area, establishing an important base for the men and ships who would obstruct the ports at Charleston and Savannah. About 48 boys won a Medal of Honor for their bravery during battle. On December 25, the day following South Carolina's declaration of secession, a South Carolinian convention delivered an "Address to the Slaveholding States": We prefer, however, our system of industry, by which labor and capital are identified in interest, and capital, therefore, protects laborby which our population doubles every twenty yearsby which starvation is unknown, and abundance crowns the landby which order is preserved by unpaid police, and the most fertile regions of the world, where the white man cannot labor, are brought into usefulness by the labor of the African, and the whole world is blessed by our own productions. Major Robert Anderson, commanding a small garrison of Federal troops at Fort Moultrie, viewed his position on the mainland as untenable and moved his men out to Fort Sumter under the cover of night the week after the state seceded. Military Records American Revolutionary War South Carolinians have long had a special interest in the American Revolution. Columbia, S.C.: Summerhouse, 1998. Many thousands of men were engaged in a snow ball battle. Both sides read whatever they could get their hands on: Yankees favored Frank Leslies Illustrated Newspaper, Harpers Weekly, American Review, and The Atlantic. One of the more painful costs of Confederate defeat was that 18,000 to 21,000 men, or one of every fourteen white South Carolinians, had been killed or mortally wounded or had died from disease. The First South Carolina Volunteer Infantry was the first officially recognized black unit of the Union Army during the Civil War. This is a list of intrastate armed conflicts that fulfill the definition set by this article: civil. Smith, Steven D. "Whom we would never more see: history and archaeology recover the lives and deaths of African American Civil War soldiers on Folly Island, South Carolina." The US president is expected to meet Rishi Sunak to discuss Ukraine's counteroffensive today. Upper Southern slave states such as Virginia and North Carolina, which had initially voted against secession, called a peace conference, to little effect. South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, South Carolina. Wise, Stephen R. Gate of Hell: Campaign for Charleston Harbor, 1863. NAID: 653994. Sherman and the Burning of Columbia. Three days later, the first prisoners arrived and by the end of the month, the Florence Stockade held more than 12,000 prisoners. History is who we are and why we are the way we are.. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Davis, William C. The Cause Lost: Myths and Realities of the Confederacy. In addition, they objected that New England states let black men vote and tolerated abolitionist societies. Civil War soldiers where mostly young white men but a surprising number of them were also women, children, African-Americans, Jewish people and Native-Americans. Hunley made a daring night attack on the USSHousatonic.[28]. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1994. On February 21, 1865, with the Confederate forces finally evacuated from Charleston, the black 54th Massachusetts Regiment marched through the city. They assigned themselves daily tasks for cotton growing and spent their extra time cultivating their own crops, fishing and hunting. Alfred P. Aldrich, a South Carolinian politician from Barnwell, stated that declaring secession would be necessary if a Republican candidate were to win the 1860 U.S. presidential election, stating that it was the only way for the state to preserve slavery and diminish the influence of the anti-slavery Republican Party, which, were its goals of abolition realized, would result in the "destruction of the South": If the Republican party with its platform of principles, the main feature of which is the abolition of slavery and, therefore, the destruction of the South, carries the country at the next Presidential election, shall we remain in the Union, or form a separate Confederacy? The state also provided uniforms, textiles, food, and war material, as well as trained soldiers and leaders from The Citadel and other military schools. Note that some conflicts lack both an article or citation. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1996. During the war, however, the absence of many slaveowners and their sons in military service meant that overseers and owners wives ran their plantations and farms and that reports or rumors of dissatisfaction among slaves were commonplace. Several private Northern charity organizations stepped in to set up schools and help the former slaves become self-sufficient. Daily life for a Civil War soldier was grueling. and if we of South Carolina have aided in your deliverance from tyranny and degradation, as you suppose, it will only the more assure us that we have performed our duty to ourselves and our sisters in taking the first decided step to preserve an inheritance left us by an ancestry whose spirit would forbid its being tarnished by assassins. This war is the servant of slavery. Nor could it be said that South Carolina was separating itself from the government of the Union because that government had become destructive of the ends for which it was established. Pickens and other state authorities viewed the presence of four United States military installations in and around CharlestonFort Moultrie, Fort Sumter, Castle Pinckney, and the U.S. Arsenal an insult to South Carolinas sovereignty and a threat to her safety. We affirm that these ends for which this Government was instituted have been defeated, and the Government itself has been made destructive of them by the action of the non-slaveholding States. The white residents fled, leaving behind 10,000 black slaves. Mississippi declared its secession several weeks after South Carolina, and five other states of the lower South soon followed.

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